On October 22, 2012, Lance Armstrong is formally stripped of the seven Tour de France titles he won from 1999 to 2005 and banned for life from competitive cycling after being charged with systematically using illicit performance-enhancing drugs and blood transfusions as well as demanding that some of his Tour teammates dope in order to help him win races.

Aspartame's Journey: From Controversial Approval to Popular Sweetener in America's Diet

In Saigon, Henry Kissinger meets with South Vietnamese President Thieu to secure his approval of a proposed cease-fire that had been worked out at the secret peace talks with the North Vietnamese in Paris.

In action on this day near Phu Cuong, about 35 miles northwest of Saigon, PFC Milton Lee Olive III of Company B, 2nd Battalion, 503rd Infantry, throws himself on an enemy grenade and saves four soldiers, including his platoon leader, 1st Lt.

On October 22, 1964, Jean-Paul Sartre is awarded the Nobel Prize for literature, which he declines.

U.S. military personnel suffer their first casualties in the war when 13 Americans are wounded in three terrorist bombings of Military Assistance Advisory Group and U.

Revolutionizing Copying: The Fascinating Invention of Xerography by Chester Carlson

Henry Ford Takes Helm of Ford Motor Company as It Prepares for Model T Launch

Edison’s Breakthrough: The First Successful Carbon Filament Lights Up Menlo Park Lab

Daredevil André-Jacques Garnerin took to the sky in a hydrogen balloon on this day and after cutting himself adrift performed the first ‘parachute’ descent.